To all Sho 'nuff Mob Study readers everywhere, we extend our unmitigated "WELCOME." We urge publishers who read our series to send us a complimentary copy of any recently, and/or soon-to-be, released organized crime book.
In the order in which they are received, the books will be read, then reviewed, and subsequently, cited in upcoming editions of the series. We ask only that our book donors remain patient.
Thank you.
Tuesday, June 28, 2005
In Today’s column: IS THE IRISH REPUBLICAN ARMY (IRA) HARBORING JAMES J. 'WHITEY' BULGER?; EVERYBODY HAS A NUMBER!; IS THE 'STAND UP GUY' A MYTH?
If The Price Is Right
"The Rewards For Justice Program, United States Department of State, is offering a reward of up to $25 million for information leading directly to the apprehension or conviction of Usama Bin Laden. An additional $2 million is being offered through a program developed and funded by the Airline Pilots Association and the Air Transport Association." See: http://www.fbi.gov/mostwant/topten/fugitives/laden.htm If there is a $27 million bounty over his head, Usama Bin Laden must be paying more than that amount to the group that is harboring him.
The name "James J. 'Whitey' Bulger" is listed near "Usama Bin Laden's" name on the "FBI's Ten Most Wanted Fugitives" list. See: http://www.fbi.gov/mostwant/topten/fugitives/fugitives.htm
Let's say the Irish Republican Army (IRA) is harboring James J. "Whitey" Bulger. "The FBI is offering a $1,000,000 reward for information leading directly to the arrest of James J. Bulger."
See: http://www.fbi.gov/mostwant/topten/fugitives/bulger.htm If there is a $27 million bounty over his head, Whitey Bulger must be paying the IRA more than $1 million to harbor him.
What Is The Irish Republican Army (IRA)?
The IRA is a military organization that has long sought to unite the Independent county of Ireland with Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom. The IRA's political wing is called Sinn Féin.
What Is Sinn Féin?
The Gaelic words mean We Ourselves. Sinn Féin helped achieve an independent Irish Republic. Sinn Féin has sometimes used violence in its effort to free Ireland, and later, Northern Ireland, from British rule. In July 1997, the IRA declared a cease-fire. In September of that year, peace talks on Northern Ireland began in which all parties were represented, including Sinn Féin. In 1998, Sinn Féin and the other parties in the Northern Ireland conflict reached a peace agreement.
The agreement was approved by voters in Ireland and Northern Ireland. The agreement committed the parties to using peaceful means to resolve political differences. Implementation of the accord required many months of negotiations between the IRA and the Protestant Ulster Unionists. However, full implementation of the agreement was delayed by mistrust and political maneuvering.
What Is 'The Good Friday Agreement?'
The historic talks finally resulted in the landmark Good Friday Agreement, which was signed by the main political parties on both sides on April 10, 1998. The accord called for an elected assembly for Northern Ireland, a cross-party cabinet with devolved powers, and cross-border bodies to handle issues common to both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. Thus minority Catholics gained a share of the political power in Northern Ireland, and the Republic of Ireland a voice in Northern Irish affairs. In return Catholics were to relinquish the goal of a united Ireland unless the largely Protestant North voted in favor of it.
Full implementation of the Good Friday accord began at the end of 1999.
In the words of T. J. English (February 15, 2005) in Paddy Whacked: The Untold Story of the Irish-American Gangster, ReganBooks, ISBN: 0060590025:
"As the case grew, the FBI got involved. The local FBI office was now under a totally new regime. With John Connolly retired, John Morris long since transferred elsewhere, and other individuals out of the picture, the Bureau was finally ready to move on Bulger. His years as a C.I. were, of course, well-known throughout the FBI command structure. There was some concern that by indicting the notorious South Boston Mob boss, the special relationship between Whitey and the feds would be revealed and maybe even become an issue. But there was nothing anyone could do. The Organized Crime Strike Force was going after Bulger anyway, and the FBI figured they might as well be on board.
John Connolly was retired, but he was not disconnected. "Once a lawman, always a lawman," is a phrase commonly used throughout law enforcement. Connolly, more than most, maintained ties with friends and former colleagues throughout the law enforcement community. He monitored the grand jury investigation of Bulger and his partner Flemmi. Shortly after New Year's Day, 1995, Connolly was tipped off that the indictment would be handed down on January 9 or 10. The retired agent's next move was not surprising. He had once told his former boss, John Morris, that he had secured Bulger's cooperation as an informant partly on agreeing to the condition that Bulger be given a "head start" in the event of an indictment. And so, keeping his word, Connolly called Bulger immediately and told him everything he knew.
Whitey was already out of town when he got the call. He and his longtime girlfriend, Theresa Stanley, had been on the road since August. They visited Graceland, Elvis Pressley's home in Memphis. They traveled to Dublin, London, Rome, and around the United States to New Orleans, California, and the Grand Canyon. Whitey squirreled away money in all of these locations, and he was ready for the call when it came from Connolly. The only problem was that Theresa Stanley, the girlfriend, did not want to go on the lam. She did not want to leave her family forever.
"I want to go home," she told Whitey.
He was driving her back toward Boston when it was announced over the car radio that Steve "the Rifleman" Flemmi had been arrested. Apparently, the feds, fearing that Bulger and Flemmi would be tipped off, did not wait around for the racketeering indictment. They quickly arrested Flemmi on a criminal complaint charging him with conspiracy to extort a bookmaker, knowing they could hold him until the superseding indictment was announced.
Whitey turned his car around and headed toward a safehouse in New York state, where he dropped off his girlfriend. He then disappeared into the great unknown and has been on the run ever since" (pp. 430-431).
Is The IRA Europe’s Biggest Organized Crime Gang?
Chief Constable Hugh Order said the Irish Republican Army (IRA) is responsible for the Northern Bank robbery in Belfast, United Kingdom.
The IRA denies allegations that it was invovled in the bank robbery and Sinn Féin said they believe the denial.
See: "Police say IRA behind Bank raid" at http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/4154657.stm
The Irish Republican Army (IRA) has a long history of using criminal activity as a funding source. The IRA heatland has long been known a Bandit Country.
Did the IRA rob Belfast's Northern Bank in the largest robbery in the history of Britain and Ireland? Fifty million in cash was stolen. The families of two bank managers were held as hostages. No one was hurt. Neither have any arrests been made. The trail is cold.
Is the IRA using the ceasefire to facilitate a metamorphosis from a terrorist organization into an organized crime syndicate? Should the IRA and Protestant loyalist paramiltary groups be pursued as racketeering organizations? Does Britain need laws that are analogous to the Racketeering Influenced Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO)?
See: "Big bank heist casts IRA as mob syndicate" at http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/01/17/news/irish.html
Robert McCartney (1971 – 31 January 2005) was the victim of a murder in Belfast, in Northern Ireland, carried out by members of the Provisional Irish Republican Army. He was a father of two and was engaged to be married in June 2005 to his long-term partner. He was a Roman Catholic and lived in the predominantly nationalist Short Strand area of Belfast and was known to be a supporter of Sinn Féin, which is closely linked to the IRA. His killing by IRA members has had extensive political repercussions for Sinn Féin as many people have expressed revulsion to the crime in a way not seen before. Opinion polls, all over Ireland, showed a dip in support for Sinn Fein after the murder, and Sinn Féin lost their council seat in the Short Strand in the recent elections.
See: MURDER OF ROBERT MCCARTNEY at http://www.psni.police.uk/index/appeals/appeals_for_information/mccartney-murder.htm
Is Sinn Féin's political dynamics among Catholic voters been sealed? Why doesn't the Reverend Ian Paisley, leader of the Democratic Unionist Party, want Sinn Féin to become Northern Ireland's biggest party?
See: "Sinn Féin gaining as Belfast lines harden" by Lizette Alvarez
at http://saoirse32.blogsome.com/2005/05/01/
What Advantage To The IRA: The Alleged Harboring of James J. "Whitey" Bulger?
Profit Motive
By coming under the protection of the Irish Republican Army (IRA), Whitey Bulger is investing his fortune in the Irish Free State and its people.
Expertise and Knowledge
Whitey Bulger is qualified to serve as a mob consultant to the Irish Republican Army (IRA).
Criminal Experience and Expertise
In the American Mafia, the "connected guy," as opposed to the "wise guy," dichotomy is relevant. From the standpoint of social stratification, as a non-Italian, during his years as a gangster in South Boston, Massachusetts, James J. "Whitey" Bulger was a "connected guy" of the American Mafia.
In the American Mafia, there continues to be at least 10 times as many "connected guys" as they are "wise guys." Most of these connected guys hope to become wise guys one day provided they can meet the ethnic qualifications.
The average connected guy must adhere to the same rules as the made guy. They take orders from the soldier sponsor, or, if they are excellent producers, more likely they take orders from the capo, over that soldier. The connected guy must account for everything he does. He must give "respect" to his superior, and share the profits with him. "Respect" in the mob is always measured by more by the profits that are brought in than by anything else.
The connected guy must behave with a certain decorum. He must not argue or talk back to a wise guy or raise his hand to one.
I don't think Whitey Bulger ever regretted the fact that he could not meet the ethnic qualifications to become a wise guy.
Whitey Bulger has an extensive criminal portfolio. "Bank Robbery," "Drug Dealing," "Homicide, e.g. Contract Killing," "Corruption," and "Tribute." constitute a non-exhaustive list of the entries on Whitey Bulger's criminal vita. He can function as a consultant to the Irish Republican Army (IRA) on any criminal endeavor.
Bank Robbery
"When he returned to Boston, Bulger immediately fell in with a local crew of bank robbers. He was acquitted of several minor larceny charges before setting out on a robbery spree that took him from Massachusetts to Rhode Island and Indiana. After going on the lam for awhile, dying his blonde hair black, he was eventually apprehended in Revere, Massachusetts, prosecuted for bank robberies in various jurisdictions, and sentenced to twenty years in federal prison" (Ibid., p. 320).
Whitey Bulger is likewise knowledgeable about drug dealing.
Drug Dealing
"Like most gangsters, he lived life according to an inverted value system. At the same time that he claimed to be protecting the neighborhood against the ravages of drugs and random crime, Bulger oversaw an infusion of cocaine into Southie, profiting from its sale to poor people living in housing projects and to the teenage sons of single mothers" (Ibid., p. 414).
Whitey Bulger is a virtuoso murderer.
Homicide, e.g. Contract Killing
"Just one month after signing on as an official FBI informant, Whitey Bulger murdered Tom King. King was a former member of the Mullin Gang, now affiliated with Winter Hill, whose primary fault was that he had once whipped Bulger in a bar fight. In the back seat of a car near Carson Beach in Southie, Whitey shot King in the head. Then he and a couple of accomplices buried King's body in a marshy area near the Neponsit River in Quincy. Whitey's main accomplice that day was Steve Flemmi, a savage contract killer who went by the nickname the Rifleman because he had become an expert marksman while serving as a paratrooper during the Korean War. Unbeknownst to almost everyone, Flemmi had himself been an FBI informant since 1965. now that he and Bulger were both secretly affiliated with federal lawmen, they formed a partnership that crossed ethnic lines (Flemmi was Italian American). Over the next two decades, the duo of Bulger and Flemmi would become known as one of the most homicidal gangster partnerships in the history of the American underworld" (Ibid., p. 380-381).
"Eventually, the mob boss of South Boston's charade would be exposed for what it was. The public would be the last to know. The first to know was anyone who did business with the man, especially those whose last vision----before being stabbed, shot, or strangled to death----was of the cold, piercing blue eyes of Whitey Bulger" (Ibid., p. 414).
"In the wake of these murders, the Irish American underworld became even more oppressive than usual. In Southie, where many of the victims lived or operated, the worst thing you could be accused of was having an "Irish whisper," talking too loudly about the neighborhood's business. Residents mumbled about the latest disappearance, became defensive, or tried not to think about the reality: Bulger and Flemmi were not just mobsters, they were serial killers, racking up an ungodly body count with virtual impunity. No one was safe. Enemies, ex-girlfriends, fellow gangsters, and especially business associates who engaged in moneymaking criminal rackets with the Bulger organization all vanished, never to be seen again" (Ibid., pp. 421-422).
Whenever criminal skills are up for grabs, the entries on his vita which concern his ability as a corrupter do not hurt any assessment of Whitey Bulger's criminal profile.
Corruption
"The relationship that developed between Bulger and Connolly rightly stands as a landmark in the history of the Irish Mob in the U.S. In some ways, it was a relationship rooted in history, linked to an era when Irish American gangsters and Irish American cops were not infrequently cut from the same cloth. A century ago, the Irish gangster was sometimes viewed within the community as a necessary evil; he may have been a criminal, but at least he advocated for his people. In the long march from the ghetto to the gravy train, the gangster played his role. Consequently, the local Hibernarian leatherhead might cut him some slack, especially if he knew the lad or knew his family, or if the crook had shown the foresight to factor the lawman into the financial give-and-take of his activities" (Ibid., pp. 378-379).
The common denominator of all organized crime is corruption.
"They met in a parking lot at Wollaston Beach in the shipbuilding city of Quincy, on Boston's southern border, On a pleasant moonlit night, they sat in the front seat of Connolly's Plymouth talking about old times and mutual concerns. Whitey, who'd recently turned forty-six, was no spring chicken. Although he was a physical fitness buff and as tough as a man could be at his age, the Boston underworld was crawling with younger, hungrier predators. Whitey's emergence as the boss of Southie made him a marked man; if he hoped to stay alive, maintain his position, and get ahead, he would need to massage the system.
The Mafia in New England was expanding in 1975, with the Godfather Syndrome then in full flower. Connolly told Bulger that they had a mutual enemy----what the feds referred to as LCN. La Cosa Nostra. If Whitey were willing to feed him information on the Italians and help him make cases then Connolly would help orotect Bulger from his enemies; in this mutually beneficial relationship, the Irish mobster would become an official, registered informant for the FBI and in return be virtually inoculated from criminal prosecution.
"The only thing you can't do is kill people," Connolly told Bulger.
Whitey jumped at the deal. That very month, he signed on as a C. I. and proceed to continue his murderous ways. In fact, Bulger's newfound status as a protected informant likely gave him delusions of grandeur, leading him to surmise that the U.S. government, in the person of John Connolly, now had a vested interest in maintaining the fiction that he was some kind of honorable racketeer willing to help the FBI in their effort to take down the dreaded Mafia" (Ibid., p. 380).
It's all about payoff. Most criminal behavior is under the control of immediate gratification rather than deferred gratification.
"The benefits of Bulger's newfound status as a Top Echelon informant were immediately apparent. In 1977, John Connolly got wind of the fact that Bulger was one of numerous local criminals under investigation by a federal prosecutor in connection with an elaborate race-fixing scheme. A group of mobsters led by Howie Winter, boss of the Winter Hill gang, had been fixing races for years along the East Coast by paying bribes to track officials, jockeys, and horse owners. Combined with various extravagant bets and some not----it had been a highly profitable racket. Prosecutors estimated that the Winter Hill Gang's race-fixing scam had amassed more than $8 million in profits while operating in eight states.
A key operative in the scheme had turned canary, and more than a dozen indictments were about to come down. Connolly and his boss, John Morris, the new Chief of the FBI's organized Crime Squad in Boston, approached the prosecutor who was overseeing the case. They informed prosecutor Jeremiah T. O'Sullivan that two informants were crucial to an impending FBI investigation that would, if all went according to plan, bring about the demise of the Mafia in Boston. Bulger and Flemmi, argued Connolly, were too valuable to sacrifice on the race-fixing case. Wasn't there some way they could be dropped from the indictment? O'Sullivan was amenable to the idea, especially if Bulger and Flemmi were to provide information that would help bolster the charges against Howie Winter, et al.
About a month later, a racketeering indictment was returned against thirteen defendants. Bulger and Flemmi were not among them" (Ibid., pp. 381-382).
The wise guy is a "soldier," i.e. the lowest rank among mafia members. But, that does not mean that he is not a man of substantial means. Most soldiers in the Gambino and Genovese Crime Families of New York are believed to be millionaires in their own right. Many connected guys are also as rich, and in some cases richer, than the wise guys. Whitey Bulger did not regret his non-Italian status because he was nevertheless richer than most made men----not only in New England, but, anywhere in the United States.
"Up until now the relationship between Whitey and the feds had mostly been a one-way street. Bulger had been secretly spared from criminal indictment and kept abreast of underworld developments by Connolly. Bulger had even been tipped off about a bug that was planted in his Lancaster Street headquarters by the Massachusetts State Police, who had concluded in an internal memo that "virtually every organized crime figure in the metropolitan area of Boston, including both LCN and non-LCN organized crime figures, frequent the premises and it is apparent that a considerable amount of illegal business is being conducted at the garage." By leaking information about the bug to Bulger, Connolly effectively sabotaged the state police investigation" (Ibid., p. 382).
The Patriarca Crime Family, headquartered in Rhode Island, was the organized crime status quo in New England during the years that Whitey Bulger emerged as the boss of the Irish mob in South Boston, Massachusetts. Due to his efforts, the Winter Hill Gang became New England's organized crime status quo. As such, it was no longer necessary for Whitey Bulger to become a wise guy. the "connected guy" versus the "wise guy" dichotomy no longer applied. It did not matter than Whitey Bulger was non-Italian.
"For the man himself, the results were almost beyond belief. In seven short years----since climbing into bed with John Connolly and the FBI----the middle-aged mobster from South Boston had eradicated his rivals in the Winter Hill Gang, effectively taking over that organization, and presided over the fall of the Mafia in Boston. Whitey was now much more than a wily neighborhood boss from Southie or even a major player in the Irish Mob: he was the lone man on top, king of the Beantown rackets, overseer of the city's gambling and loan-sharking operations who could rightfully claim a piece of every act of organized crime that took place in the entire metropolitan area" (Ibid., p. 383).
Raymond Patriarcha Sr. (1908-1984) himself was a ruthless, devious and double-dealing mafia boss. He was greatly respected by his Mafia peers who frequently sought his skills as a mediator in gang wars.
Raymond Patriarca Sr. ran his organization with an iron fist. He often warned other mafia bosses to stay out of this territory----all of New England.
Patriarca Sr. was known to make No Risk Loans to his men. If a criminal enterprise failed, the borrower had to redress the loss of both the premium and the interest of Patriarca's investment.
The average connect guy must adhere to the same rules as the made guy. He takes orders from his soldier sponsor, or, if he is an excellent earner, more likely, he takes orders from his capo, over that soldier. The connected guy must account for everything he does. He must give "respect," and share the profits, with his superior. "Respect" in the mob is always measured more by the profits that are brought in than by anything else.
The connected guy must behave with a certain decorum. He must neither argue nor talk back nor raise his hand to any wise guy.
Tribute
"And so, in 1992, the chickens came home to roost. An aggressive federal prosecutor, working mostly with Massachusetts State Police, began rounding up a series of middle-aged bookies----Jewish, Italian, Portuguese, African-American----who plied their trade in and around the city. Most of these bookies had been arrested numerous times before, pled guilty, and paid small fines. But this time, prosecutors were threatening to charge them as a group on multiple money laundering and RICO counts. One bookie in particular began to sing like a canary, and it soon became apparent that all of the bookies had one thing in common: In order to operate, they paid tribute to Whitey Bulger and the Irish Mob" (Ibid., p. 430).
With the death of Raymond Patriarca Sr. and the subsequent demise of the Patriarca Crime Family, Whitey Bulger ascended to the helm of the Irish mob in South Boston, Massachusetts. Whitey Bulger no longer had to defer to any wise guy. It was Whitey Bulger who received the respect as New England's foremost mob arbiter, broker and facilitator. It was Whitey Bulger who received tribute.
What Advantage To "Whitey" Bulger: The Alleged IRA Access?
If he is being protected by the Irish Republican Army (IRA), it is unlikely that the United States government will ever apprehend Whitey Bulger. As an agent of the IRA, Whitey Bulger potentially enters the area of transnational crime.
The Houdini Effect
Harry Houdini (1874-1926)
Harry Houdini, né Ehrich Weiss, was an American magician who won fame throughout the world as an escape artist. Houdini could quickly free himself from apparently escapeproof devices, including leg irons, 10 pairs of handcuffs, jail cells, and nailed crates. His most sensational feat consisted of escaping from an airtight tank that was filled with water.
Harry Houdini's skills as an escape artist make a fitting metaphor for Whitey Bulger's skill in escaping apprehension. Like the "Great Houdini," James J. "Whitey" Bulger appears and disappears. According to T. J. English (February 15, 2005):
"Whitey, of course, remains at large. Through the early years of the twenty-first century, sightings of the wily Irish mobster were numerous. He was known to have lived for a period with his longtime mistress, Catherine Greig, on a small island off the coast of Louisiana in the Gulf of Mexico. Other sightings were reported in Fountain Valley, California; Galway, Ireland; the island of St. Vincent's; and in London, where, it was reported, a man who had met Bulger years earlier at a gym and known him well bumped into Whitey on the street and said, "Hey, Jim, how you been?"
Bulger looked startled. "You must have the wrong person," he replied and disappeared into a crowd of pedestrians" (p. 435).
The Houdini Effect is particularly important in regard to corpus delecti.
Criminal Legitimacy
Under the protection of the Irish Republican Army (IRA), Whitey Bulger obtains an aura of legitimacy. He becomes, once again, an "honorable gangster."
"On the one hand, the neighborhood/s residents believed in Whitey's power because they wanted to; on the other hand, anyone who ever dared to speak out against Whitey and "the boys" were intimidated into silence. "I knew there were drugs and even gangs in my neighborhood," writes MacDonald, "but like everyone else I kept my mouth shut about that one. Whitey and the boys didn't like 'rats.'"
It was no small feat: After a long criminal career, a secret role as a Top Echelon informant for the FBI, and, through skillful manipulation of a major civic crisis, Bulger had come to embody the entire history of the Irish American mobster. He was a neighborhood godfather from the Old School, yet his power was not based on nostalgia; he was not relying on the reputation of past gangsters. Whitey was the real deal. He made human beings disappear. And when the bodies washed up on Carson Beach, or were found stuffed in a ten-gallon drum or appeared unceremoniously at O'Brien's Funeral Parlor, nobody said nothin'. Whitey must have had his reasons. Because Whitey was an honorable gangster. He kept the neighborhood free from street criminals and dope peddlers and made everybody proud.
Of course it was all a lie. Bulger presided from a back office at the South Boston Liquor Mart off Old Colony Avenue. A huge green shamrock was painted on the side of the building, but it was mostly just for show. " (Ibid., pp. 413-414).
Criminal legitimacy evolves around the criminal status quo. The American Mafia as manifested by the Patriarca Crime Family constituted the New England criminal status quo. Later, the Irish mob supplanted the Patriarca Crime Family. In the Irish Free State today, the Irish Republican Army (IRA) constitutes the criminal status quo.
Given their ages and "citizen" statuses---even if corrupt police officers---one and/or both of Chicago's Operation Family Secret's Mob Cops constitute the weakest rung in the ladder that leads higher up into the Chicago Outfit. Anthony Doyle, 60, and Michael Ricci, 75 are the Chicago Mob Cops.
A younger defendant might pull a twenty year prison sentence standing on one leg. But, when you are sixty and/or seventy-five-years-old, and STILL COUNTING, you are forced, of necessity, to make your own welfare the first priority. Some people suffer CHICAGO AMNESIA. But when you are sixty- and/or seventy-five-years-of-age and looking at spending the rest of your time on earth in a prison, your memory becomes clear.
In a typically Chicago Outfit fashion, the higher ups have been appropriately insulated from the police, i.e. Doyle and Ricci. The Mob Cops can not corroborate very much on the federal indictment that implicates the Chicago Outfit higher ups. But, the two veteran policemen have been around for a long time. They know incriminating things about people who must preserve their good reputations. In order to do so, these individuals are READY, WILLING AND ABLE to implicate the Chicago Outfit's higher ups. It comes down to the price a defendant is willing to pay, the price the mob is willing to pay, to maintain the silence, the criminal status quo.
As Joey "The Clown" Lombardo and Jimmy "The Man" Marcello know, in the underworld, in the world of the Chicago Outfit, no one is inexpendable. All the Chicago Outfit players, from button men to the CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD, have a number. Lepke Buchalter, the Syndicate's foremost labor racketeer and a virtuoso drug dealer and murderer, took it on the lam. Lepke was to find out THE HARD WAY however, the fact that sometimes even a major boss and STAND UP GUY is only expendable.
"Some Action Jackson action" will have to be "action" against a family member of an Operation Family Secrets cooperating witness. It will be easier for Doyle and/or Ricci to avoid "some Action Jackson action" than it will be to pull twenty years in a federal penitentiary under heightened protective custody. Doyle and/or Ricci and family members will go into WITSEC together.
When either Anthony Doyle and/or Michael Ricci begins to cooperate, the Domino Effect will be set into motion. The higher ups of the Chicago Outfit have the Domino Effect to fear.
IS THE "STAND UP GUY" A MYTH?
In the words of T. J. English (February 15, 2005) tells us, in Paddy Whacked: The Untold Story of the Irish-American Gangster, ReganBooks, ISBN: 0060590025:
"The myth of the stand up guy has always been one of the central precepts of the American underworld, dating back to the earliest immigrant gangs. In New York's Five Points, where the American underworld got its start, ballads were written about gangsters who refused to talk to the authorities and were willing, if necessary, to do time in prison. Being a stand up guy was akin to being a prince of the underworld, and it was a revered attribute that crossed all ethnic lines---Italian, Jewish, Latino, Irish, or whatever.
The stand up guy, however, was borne of a time before RICO, government-sponsored C.I. s, and the Witness Protection Program, which offered the illusion of a fresh start under an assumed name far from the old neighborhood. Back in the day, a gang member or racketeer with a strong constitution was willing to take the fall because it rarely involved more than a three-, five-, or seven-year bit in the joint. For many hard-core criminals, this was seen as a right of passage, one that taught them toughness and did wonders for their reputation once they returned to the underworld" (p. 431).